Bayanihan's simplified English translation is "cooperation", but it goes well beyond that. It's more like brotherhood (and sisterhood, too), because the people involved in a particular task help out not because they have to, but because they want to.
As an educated, polite Pinoy, you know that it's rude to pass between two conversing individuals. But sometimes you just have to! Like when the inconsiderate chatters are blocking a narrow hallway. To show how sorry you are for your rudeness, you have to learn this air-slicing move.
Tingi is retail at its tiniest form. Sachets of toothpaste, shampoo, etc. are sold not just because of space considerations, but mainly because of its price point.
Kamayan can mean "shake hands", but in this case, it is the equivalent of "to eat with your bare (and hopefully, clean) hands".
Why it’s in the list: We see these banners, posters, streamers, tshirts, and other forms of printed media displaying Pinoy pride all over the place. All these somehow aids our subconscious minds to love the Philippines even more, which is cool!
Just so you know: Long before the introduction of the franchised, air-conditioned convenience store, the sari-sari store ruled the street corners. Why it’s in the list: It’s so convenient! No frills. You can even make lista.
Why it’s in the list: If you hand a microphone to any Pinoy and ask him to deliver a speech, he’ll probably run away. But if you hand that same person a microphone connected to a videoke machine, you probably won’t get that mic back anytime soon.
"Mabuhay" is roughly equivalent to "Welcome!", "Long live!", "We're friendly people!", etc.